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Changes in maternal expressed emotion toward anxious children following cognitive behavioral therapy
Full Title: Changes in maternal expressed emotion toward clinically anxious children following cognitive behavioral therapy
The aim of this study was to determine whether maternal expressed emotion (criticism and emotional overinvolvement) decreased across treatment for childhood anxiety. Mothers of 48 clinically anxious children (aged 6-14 years) were rated on levels of criticism (CRIT) and emotional overinvolvement (EOI), as measured by a Five Minute Speech Sample (FMSS) from mothers, prior to and following cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for their children's anxiety. Results showed a significant decrease in the proportion of mothers who expressed high levels of criticism and emotional overinvolvement from pretreatment to posttreatment. This finding suggests that interventions aimed at reducing symptoms of child anxiety can also result in a decrease of maternal expressed emotion (criticism and emotional overinvolvement).
J Exp Child Psychol. 2009 Nov;104(3):346-52. Epub 2009 Aug 5. Gar NS, Hudson JL. Centre for Emotional Health, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia.
Occasionally I talk to a person who is excessively shy. They feel very uncomfortable around groups of people as they absolutely are certain that everyone is focused on them – and that it must be because something is wrong with them. This leads to a very stressful situation. Many people who have these feelings have problems sleeping and may even develop numerous stress-related health disorders. When a person suffers from excessive shyness, they often find that they are also limiting their careers and preventing themselves from developing rewarding relationships. Fortunately,for many people...
Over the past few years the subject of bullying and bullies has once again achieved the national spotlight. However, this topic is not new. Just watch films about children that were made in the 1930’s, 40’s, and 50’s to see numerous examples of children bullying one another. It appears that bullying is a phenomenon that has always and always will be with us.
So, what is bullying and why does it occur? This form of aggressive behavior naturally happens within any group or society as part of setting up orders of dominance. Just observe a litter of pups or a flow of birds. This Darwinian...
Over the years many people have come to see me because of their anxiety regarding taking tests or exams. This is included people who have anxiety regarding performance-based testing, such as taking a driver's test, or a failed multiple attempts to pass a rule state license exam. Indeed, because of the consequences of failure, the stress related to exam taking can be significant. Yet, after one 90 minute session I cannot think of anyone you has failed their test.
My approach is not very much different than that used by many different coaches and clinical hypnotherapists. One cliché that I...
